by Stephen Gogarty
(Dublin, Ireland)
Magnetic turbine (theoretical)
Why has nobody looked at magnetic energy? Which is one of our strongest types of energy and it seems to come from nowhere. It would be very easy to make a generator with 2 large magnets and a circular opposing magnetic drum in between them...all it takes is for the drum to start spinning and if possible to minimize or eliminate friction it should never stop!
HHO Generator Safety Advice
HHO Generator installation Instructions is/was used for the old wire coil electrolysis units. It is left here as a courtesy for those still using this technology.
For a more efficient HHO unit it seems best to go with the Dry Cell format. I highly recommend visiting Dry Cells. Dry Cells is operated by Mike Kehrli, who has done a fantastic job with his EFIE Units.
Incorrectly installing or incorrectly using Waterfuel technology may result in serious damage or body injury. Read and follow the instructions and safety precautions given here and in relevant places throughout this book to avoid these hazards. If you do not understand these instructions or do not like working on vehicles, have your mechanic do the installation.
It should take 20 to 30 minutes to install.Work outside, no smoking; make sure the engine is not hot.Wear goggles and gloves and only use professional tools; usecommon sense and general safety procedures used for automotive installations and maintenance. If you're not sure, ASK!
Yes, HHO is combustible ? AFTER IT ENTERS THE ENGINE ? that's the whole point. Yet your Waterfuel system does NOT store hydrogen when installed properly, so there is no fire hazard due to hydrogen storage. So again, don't let people who don't understand the system intimidate you or tell you about non-existent hazards. Waterfuel technology cools downthe engine and adds safety to any car.
Mount the HHO Water fuel device in the engine compartment. It should be mounted flat and level, and secured is such a manner as to assure that it cannot bounce around when the vehicle hits bumps etc.Position the device so that it can easily be accessed and can be conveniently removed and filled with water, or cleaned, serviced or inspected.
IMPORTANT: INSTALL THE DEVICE AWAY FROM HOT AREAS as much as possible. If you're not sure where that is, Harbor Freight Tools has a digital non-contact thermometer for under $7 (item 93983-2VGA). Use this tool to locate the coolest available place in the engine area.
I cannot give you an exact number here for what is ?too hot?, because there is a combination of heating factors here: weather, engine, and the electrolysis process itself. All I can tell you that in two cases the electrolyzer mostly melted and only the glass survived. In both cases this occurred as a result of
(1) too much heat radiated by the engine through the air to the electrolyzer, and
(2) too much electrolyte in the HHO generator. There is a situation called Thermal Runaway, where an increase in temperature changes the conditions (in this case the rise in electrical current) that causes a further increase in temperature - leading to a destructive result.
You can prevent this from happening by: 1. Use ONLY DISTILLED WATER. Filtered water are NOT distilled water!
2. Starting with no more than 1/8 teaspoon of baking soda, and add gradually only when you're sure no excess heat is being generated.
3. Install away from heat. If this is not possible block the engine heat as much as possible by placing a heat shield (bubble wrap covered by aluminum foil) between the electrolyzer and the engine. Leave at least 1-2? air space around the electrolyzer.
A mounting bracket can be easily fashioned from copper and/or galvanized plumber?s strap. (Not supplied.) In other cases a small rubber pad (not supplied and usually not necessary) and/or two bungee cords (not supplied) may be adequate. Rarely there may be vehicles that do not have enough space in the engine compartment to mount the device.
A possible solution is to use the area in front of the radiator. Fasten the device to the car's frame or anything other the radiator, belts or moving parts, and make sure that it does not touch the radiator. That's it for the mechanical installation and location. Now let's move for connections and supply lines. The HHO Water4Gas device is operated by vacuum pressure from your vehicle?s engine, plus 12 Volt supply from your vehicle?s electrical system.
Vacuum lines are supplied from the engine to various car systems, and you should best use the system that gets the highest vacuum. The idea is to Suck the HHO into a place such as the Carburetor or the Intake Manifold, where it can be automatically mixed with the existing fuel/air mixture. Connect the output to the carb/intake manifold.CAUTION: DO NOT USE THE BRAKES VACUUM LINE. This is usually a very thick black hose that connects between the engine and the Brake Vacuum Booster (usually a large drum on the firewall on the driver side): The PCV valve* line usually makes a good connection.
Vehicles with EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) should also be connected at or near the intake manifold. * Positive Crankcase Ventilation valve, or PCV valve, is a one-way valve that ensures continual refreshment of the air inside a gasoline internal combustion engine's crankcase.
WARNING: DO NOT SHORTEN THE VACUUM LINE between the engine intake and the jar. Keep the line (hose) at least 4 ft long. This length must be kept to enhance safety and prevent damage to the device.
A universal vacuum line T-Connector is provided as well as a length of vacuum hose to make the connection. A wide range of vacuum fittings is readily available at any auto parts store (plastic fittings will do for this use). Note that the Universal Vacuum T-Connector is...well, universal. Its edges are usually too small for the hose, and should be trimmed (edge cut off) with a knife.
The HHO generator is designed to operate on 12 Volts. Refer to the wiring diagram below. If you?re not sure consult your auto mechanic (electric), or contact us for help.1. Connect the black terminal of the device to the negative terminal of the vehicle?s battery, using the wire WITHOUT FUSE (black wire). If the battery is too far, connect it to the firewall or extend the wire all the way to the battery.
2. Identify a point in your vehicle?s electrical system which has a 12 Volts (positive) present ONLY WHEN THE ENGINE IS ON (Position 2 of the Ignition Switch), such as the starter solenoid, window wiper motor, or similar circuit.
3. Turn the switch off and take out the key. Connect positive (12 Volts) to the red terminal of the device, using the FUSED wire supplied (red), to the point you?ve identified above.
4. To protect the wiring from long term damage, you can now put the newly installed wires into what's called ?split flex tubing?. You can find it in all major hardware stores such as Ace, Home Depot. Don't buy it online ($5 +S&H) because in the shop it's only 99 cents for 10 ft.
NOTES:In most newer vehicles the fuses are located in a box, in the engine compartment. I just plug the wire into the fuse holder and reinsert the fuse. Usually it is a 10 Amp or 15 Amp ignition circuit, that I use. In some older cars where there was nofuse box to connect to, the wiper motor was found most useful as a supply point. I just splice into the SWITCHED 12 Volts and it works well. ? In some cars the electrical system may be in reverse (RED wire to the body of the car, or to the battery itself). If it gets confusing, consult an auto electrician who isfamiliar with your specific model.
Fill the jar with DISTILLED WATER, leaving 1? of free space at the top. Add 1/8 teaspoon of Electrolyte (pure Baking Soda) to the 32oz HHO Generator.Close the jar. HHO Units should draw about 2 AMPS of power. More Baking Soda may be added but, make sure the units operate cool and don't overheat. Running the units too hot will create steam and that will cause a drop in mileage and engine performance.
1. Start with NO electricity, by taking out the fuse or leaving one of the terminals disconnected (make sure it doesn't touch metal parts of the car to prevent fuse blowout).2. Turn the Vacuum Adjustment Valve (sometimes called ?Bubbler Cap? or just ?Bubbler?) fully CLOCKWISE. Then turn it half-turn COUNTER-CLOCKWISE.
3. Turn the engine and watch the bubbling action coming out of the lower end of the thin tubing inside the device (here by the way is the great advantage of having a strong glass jar instead of metal or non clear plastic ? total transparency andvisibility!) Gradually turn the Vacuum Adjustment Valve and watch the bubbling action in the jar. Adjust the valve until there is a small amount of bubbling action.
4. Turn off the engine.
5. Connect the electricity by putting the fuse on and making sure all connections are tight (hand force only).
6. Start the engine again and watch the electrolyzing action between the spiral electrodes. A yellowish gas (HHO) will start forming and flow toward the top of the jar.
7. Within a short time (roughly 30 seconds), you will notice that the engine starts to sound quite differently. It will sound smoother and quieter. Its RPM may be unstable for a couple minutes. This is normal ? the HHO is starting to change thecombustion cycle and cancels the pinging ? and the engine is now adjusting to the changes.
Congratulations! Your HHO Generator system is now ready to go! Enjoy it To learn more about HHO Generator installation, click here. To purchase an HHO Generator, visit our online store.
Over the past year, anecdotal evidence for a global cooling planet has exploded. China has its coldest winter in 100 years. Baghdad sees its first snow in all recorded history.
North America has the most snowcover in 50 years, with places like Wisconsin the highest since record-keeping began. Record levels of Antarctic sea ice, record cold in Minnesota, Texas, Florida, Mexico, Australia, Iran, Greece, South Africa, Greenland, Argentina, Chile -- the list goes on and on.
No more than anecdotal evidence, to be sure. But now, that evidence has been supplanted by hard scientific fact.
All four major global temperature tracking outlets (Hadley, NASA's GISS, UAH, RSS) have released updated data.
All show that over the past year, global temperatures have dropped precipitously.
The total amount of cooling ranges from 0.65C up to 0.75C -- a value large enough to wipe out most of the warming recorded over the past 100 years.
All in one year's time. For all four sources, it's the single fastest temperature change ever recorded, either up or down.
Scientists quoted in a past DailyTech article link the cooling to reduced solar activity which they claim is a much larger driver of climate change than man-made greenhouse gases.
The dramatic cooling seen in just 12 months time seems to bear that out.
While the data doesn't itself disprove that carbon dioxide is acting to warm the planet, it does demonstrate clearly that more powerful factors are now cooling it.
Let's hope those factors stop fast. Cold is more damaging than heat.
The mean temperature of the planet is about 54 degrees. Humans -- and most of the crops and animals we depend on -- prefer a temperature closer to 70.
Historically, the warm periods such as the Medieval Climate Optimum were beneficial for civilization. Corresponding cooling events such as the Little Ice Age, though, were uniformly bad news.
The linked GISS graph was graphed for the months of January only, due to a limitation in the plotting program. Anthony Watts, who kindly provided the graphics, otherwise has no connection with the column.
Air pollution has been a serious problem since the dawn of the industrial era, but until recently the scientists did not know with certainty how dirty was air in most parts of the world.
The new paths Maps using computer models and satellite images are Dando, finally, a researchers a clearer vision of the global problem of air pollution. These Maps illustrate the spread of small particles in the world. The problem of these particles is impossible to appreciate simple way, son but in large quantities, microscopic dust can Catalonia in our lungs and reach the bloodstream (causing severe health problems as asthma and various cardiovascular disease). According to the American Heart Association in the United States occur around 60,000 deaths per year due a microscopic dust of this.
These new Maps are not based simply on satellite images. There are taken into account when looking down, l, from the perspective of a satellite is a being something like looking through a glass of dirty water. The only satellite takes a fotografiá of sits it at the top. Then, researchers use computer models to calculate the amount of matter that total were settlements in all air we breathe.
"Now, with this map and the data set represents, epidemiologists can begin a look more closely how the exhibition a long term an inter these particles in little studied in the world - parts as rapid growth in Asia or areas in North Africa with large quantities of dust in the air - cities affect human health". Writes NASA on its website.
Until now, developing countries had not had the right tools to measure the levels of air pollution. New information can also be useful in some parts of the United States or Western Europe. Today, the air quality is measured with a small number of surface monitors. NASA hopes the Maps will be a good first step to help a better understand the dynamics of particles in the air and its impact on our health.
In strict adherence to guidelines released by the Department of Energy, the United States Postal Service gets on a fast track to reach the goal for energy reduction. Green roofs, green buildings and an optimally efficient management system of energy consumption form part of the energy-reduction strategy.
Power Guzzlers:
Use of air conditioning is one of the main reasons for the ever increasing power consumption. The heat-island effect also plays a part. Concentration of black or dark roofs and paved surfaces raise the ambient temperature increasing the demand for air-conditioning. The air quality also is certainly poorer because of the ever increasing carbon emissions.
Going green:
The agency is aggressively marching on to reduce power consumption. The plan is to economize energy consumption by 30% by 2015. It is using various approaches to reach the goal. Already 70% target completed, only about one third of the goal is all left to achieve by the USPS.
Cool roof initiatives:
One of the remarkable initiatives in combating power consumption is the cool green roof initiatives as per Energy Department guidelines. In Manhattan Midtown, the USPS has converted the roof of Morgan Mail Processing Facility to green roof topping. This 2.5-acre wide green roof is the largest green roof topping in New York City.
Advantages of Green roof:
Not merely meeting the early performance estimates, this green roof has actually exceeded all expectations since the time it was constructed. The advantages are:
Energy saving spree:
The implementation of Enterprise Energy Management System has been a boon to USPS saving some $400 million since 2007. Instead of the estimated $30,000 savings in Morgan Facility alone, more than $1 million was saved as the direct results of the green roofing and other energy-efficient measures.
Success of EEMS:
With measures like green roofing and LEED certifications, the USPS has achieved energy cut of some 21% since 2003 and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and thereby controlling carbon emission by 20%. Now USPS is on the go implementing new measures to make its entire fleet of buildings energy efficient and to use more green environmentally friendly alternative fuels.
As the world discovers new ways to meet its growing energy needs, energy generated from Sun, which is better known as solar power and energy generated from wind called the wind power are being considered as a means of generating power. Though these two sources of energy have attracted the scientists for a very long time, they are not able to decide, which of the two is a better source to generate power. Now scientists are looking at a third option as well. Scientists at Washington State University have now combined solar power and wind power to produce enormous energy called the solar wind power, which will satisfy all energy requirements of human kind.
Advantages of Solar wind power.
The scientists say that whereas the entire energy generated from solar wind will not be able to reach the planet for consumption as a lot of energy generated by the satellite has to be pumped back to copper wire to create the electron-harvesting magnetic field, yet the amount that reaches earth is more than sufficient to fulfill the needs of entire human, irrespective of the environment condition.Moreover, the team of scientists at Washington State University hopes that it can generate 1 billion billion gigawatts of power by using a massive 8,400-kilometer-wide solar sail to harvest the power in solar wind.According to the team at Washington State University, 1000 homes can be lit by generating enough power for them with the help of 300 meters (984 feet) of copper wire, which is attached to a two-meter-wide (6.6-foot-wide) receiver and a 10-meter (32.8-foot) sail.One billion gigawatts of power could also be generated by a satellite having 1,000-meter (3,280-foot) cable with a sail 8,400 kilometers (5,220 miles) across, which are placed at roughly the same orbit.The scientists feel that if some of the practical issued are solved, Solar wind power will generate the amount of power that no one including the scientists working to find new means of generating power ever expected.How does the Solar wind power technology work?
The satellite launched to tap solar wind power, instead of working like a wind mill, where a blade attached to the turbine is physically rotated to generate electricity, would use charged copper wire for capturing electrons zooming away from the sun at several hundred kilometers per second.
Disadvantages of Solar wind power
But despite the fact that Solar wind power will solve almost all the problems that we were to face in future due to power generating resources getting exhausted, it has some disadvantages as well. These may include:
If you have opted for a wireless keyboard you know the importance of rechargeable batteries and a wall charger. Although it is easier to charge the batteries after a while it becomes an annoyance to change them repeatedly. Now Logitech is coming out with a solar-powered keyboard that will be free of such hassles.
No need for you to be outdoors to charge your solar powered keyboard. You can stay indoors and the solar powered keyboard will charge itself from indoor lights. They have embedded an integrated power-indicator light that will warn you in advance about the power status of the keyboard. Citizen (the watchmaker) has offered solar-powered watches for years that tell time and get power from sunlight or indoor lights. Now Logitech is making use of the same technology in their solar-powered keyboards.
Denis Pavillard is the vice president of product marketing for Logitech’s keyboards and desktops. He says, “The keyboard is still the best input device for typing emails and IMs, updating your Facebook™ page or posting responses to your favorite blogs — and the Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard K750 is the next big innovation in keyboard technology. The Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard is powered by light but can work in total darkness for up to three months. Plus, with its PVC-free construction and fully recyclable packaging, it’s designed to minimize its footprint.”
Portability: 1/3-Inch Thick
Sleekness and portability are important qualities in marketing an electronic gadget. Logitech has not ignored these important aspects. Their keyboard is only 1/3-inch thick maintain a thin profile.
Benefits of Cord with Convenience of Wireless
The Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard K750 takes care of the wireless connectivity too. It offers Logitech Advanced 2.4 GHz wireless connectivity. They also say that Logitech Advanced 2.4 wireless is equipped with 128-bit AES encryption with the keyboard that ensures the one of the highest levels of security available.
Keyboard is easy on Fingers
Logitech calls their keyboard as Logitech Incurve keys™. It is a known fact that a concave design, along with incurve keys are easy on the shape of human fingertips, They also say that soft, rounded edges make it easy for your fingers to glide from key to key.
Plus, the tiny Logitech® Unifying receiver is small enough to stay in your laptop, so there’s no need to unplug it when you move around. And you can easily add up to six Logitech Unifying and Unifying-ready mice and keyboards — without the hassle of multiple USB receivers.
Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.
Bioenergy technologies use renewable organic resources, called biomass, to produce many energy related products including electricity, liquid, solid and gaseous fuels, heat, chemicals and other materials.
Bioenergy ranks second - to hydropower - in renewable U.S. primary energy production and accounts for 3 percent of the primary energy production in the United States.
Biomass fuels are starting to become more popular due to the rising costs of fossil fuels. The beauty of using these biofuels is that we can develop our own fuels at home just as our forefathers did over 100 years ago.
Also utilizing the source of bioenergy reduces pollution, helps control carbon dioxide emissions ( Remember, plants take in CO2 which will offset emissions)
Bioenergy is starting to become more popular due to the rising costs of fossil fuels. The beauty of using these biofuels is that we can develop our own fuels at home just as our forefathers did over 100 years ago.
Also utilizing the source of bioenergy reduces pollution, helps control carbon dioxide emissions ( Remember, plants take in CO2 which will offset emissions) Biomass resources will also help support the American farmer as well as other natural renewable resources.
Here are some basics regarding this interesting field:
While crops and certain types of animals are consumed as food, they also create waste products that can be used as biomass. Process residues, dung and bagasse - sugar cane waste - can all be used in the production of bioenergy. one such biofuel is methane gas, a very efficient fuel for today's engines. Energy crops, such as fast-growing trees and grasses, are called bioenergy feedstocks. Stalks, straws, treetops, branches, perennial crops and other forest waste can all be used as biomass. With this, we can generate fuels such as ethanol by use of alcohol fuel stills and hydrogen and methane by the aid of gasifiers.
It really does not take much effort once you get the equipment in place to generate your own alcohol, methane or biodiesel fuel from byproducts we dispose of every day.
Unlike other renewable energy sources, biomass can be converted directly into liquid fuels for our transportation needs.The two most common biomass fuels are ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol, an alcohol, is made by fermenting any biomass high in carbohydrates, like corn, through a process similar to brewing beer.
It is mostly used as a fuel additive to cut down a vehicle's carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. Biodiesel, an ester, is made using vegetable oils, animal fats, algae, or even recycled cooking greases.
It can be used as a diesel additive to reduce vehicle emissions or in its pure form to fuel a vehicle.
Heat can be used to chemically convert biomass into a fuel oil, which can be burned like petroleum to generate electricity.
Biomass can also be burned directly to produce steam for electricity production or manufacturing processes. (CBS News)
To Receive our free newsletter "Alternative Energy Resources Ezine", which will inform you of new renewable energy products and research in the field of alternative energy as well as updates to our website, please subscribe below.
Biomass Fuel Alternatives
Biomass Advantages
Disadvantages of Biomass Energy
Ethanol Fuel
1. The location must offer geothermal activity close by. Here is a quick lesson on the disadvantages of geothermal energy. Check out the picture below. Study it for a few minutes.
There is no volcanic activity anywhere near this area.
So you see the big drawback to geothermal energy is that there must be hot rocks close enough to drill into in order to harness this energy. Not only do the rocks have to be hot, but they also must be suitable for drilling.
The rocks also must be close enough to be able to access. Not many areas are as fortunate as Iceland in this regard.
2. Geothermal activity is not always so faithful. Sometimes the geothermal activity takes a rest. it will be constant for several years and then stop for a few months. Hence, not all areas offer faithful heating resources.
3. You cannot transport geothermal energy. I used to live in the coal region of Pennsylvania. For years coal trucks used to drive by our front door hauling Anthracite coal to home and industries.
Coal cars a mile long along the railroad tracks were often times filled with King Coal to be shipped to the Reading Foundry. Can't do that with geothermal energy. It is only good where it is at. So the steam is utilized to run the generators to produce electricity. Another big one in the discussion of the disadvantages of geothermal energy.
Geothermal power plants use "scrubber" systems to clean the air of hydrogen sulfide and the other gases. Sometimes the gases are converted into marketable products, such as liquid fertilizer. Newer geothermal power plants can even inject these gases back into the geothermal wells.
For a good article to read on the disadvantages of geothermal energy, click here 5. Tectonic Activity. Usually where there is volcanic activity where you find geothermal energy, you will also find other types of tectonic activity such as earthquakes and also active volcanoes.
There have been cases where earthquakes have caused damage to the geothermal plants and/or caused disruption in the geothermal heat source. Click on the following link to learn more about alternative energy along with the disadvantages of geothermal energy
What is Geothermal Energy Advantages of Geothermal Energy
View the original article here
Friction and Lubrication
Webster defines friction as the ?rubbing of one body against another, resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact.? Overcoming this resistance requires additional energy. Contact between the two moving surfaces generates heat and usually results in surface wear.
A simple example of friction is the heat generated when one rapidly rubs one?s hands together. Note that the faster and harder you rub, the more rapid and greater the heat that is generated.
Friction can be beneficial in several ways. As we overcome this resistance to motion between two objects in contact, heat is generated.
This heat is what warms our hands or starts a fire. It is the principle behind the braking systems we find on our automobiles. Without friction, the simple task of walking would not be possible.
However, friction can also be our enemy. The heat generated as a result of friction can cause damage. Because contact is required to generate friction, wear in the areas of contact can occur.
This can also lead to damage and a significant reduction in the expected life of the two bodies in contact.
When placed between two components in contact, these fluid materials will attempt to maintain a layer of separation. This occurs because such fluid materials are not readily compressible.
Though the separation may be only a few millionths of an inch, it is sufficient to not only minimize contact, but in many cases, eliminated it altogether.
The inherent ability of a oil to maintain an uninterrupted film and hence component separation is referred to as lubricity. Lubricity, sometimes referred to as film strength, varies dramatically from one fluid to another. Another way to minimize friction and wear is through the use of special chemical compounds. The main role of these compounds is to offer protection when the lubricating fluid cannot maintain component separation.
They may also be required to address areas of concern beyond the capabilities of the fluid itself. Examples of such areas are detergency, dispersantcy, corrosion control and acid neutralization. Chemical compounds placed in the lubricating fluid are generally referred to as additives.
Spain pollution is concentrated mainly on the coast. Being surrounded by water and thanks to tourism, our country is able to withstand tons of rubbish in their costs.Fisiosanitaria pollution is very important that affects seriously our countries very important to know that this type of pollution is also much in the agricultural sector mainly due to the used pesticides which are entered in the land and seep into the water.
From our homepage you can access all the news, as well as to all the articles of our sections: environment, curiosities...
There are always two sides to the coin. Let's look at the disadvantages of wind energy.
1. Wind itself is not dependable. In order for you to turn the blades on a wind turbine, you must have wind. Without this, you are dead in the water.
So you must live in an area that has consistent wind. Valleys, mountain tops, coastal areas are good candidates. I live in Florida. Not the best place for wind unless you are along the beach and pick up the sea breeze.
2. Land along the coast is expensive If you do live along the coast, your personal property is rather expensive and you might not be able to afford the opportunity to afford the land, let alone a wind generator.
3. Wind Farms are Unsightly. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Some would feel that having 100 wind turbines sitting outside your picture window is an eyesore.
I live in North East Florida. When the winds are right, we smell the byproducts of the nearby pulp mills. Some would say it is pollution; some would say it is money for the economy.
I remember visiting a family who were pig farmers. Standing outside their home, enjoying the fresh country air offered by the pigs on a hot, humid Indiana summer afternoon, their son said, "Smell that money!"
I say, pretty is as pretty does. Sure, they might mar the scene, but most wind farms along the coast are so far out you will not even see them.
Comparing apples to apples, giving up a little of the landscape to gain more on alternative energy, use less fossil fuels,lower pollution, create more jobs and improve the economy: it's a no-brainer.
Regarding the disadvantages of wind energy, Ted Kennedy stirred up a hornets nest with his opposition to wind farms off of Nantucket. Yo can read about it here.
3.Wind Turbines Interfere with Television Reception. Some say that wind turbines give off interference to television and radio signals.
4. Wind Turbines Kill Birds Some of these blades can have a span of 100 or more feet. if they are going fast enough, just like a propeller, you really do not see them.
With that speed and length of blade, birds easily fly into the blade path and get killed. Some also say the hum of the blade is an attraction to birds and they are lured into the blade. if anyone knows more, please let me know.
Wind Turbines are Noisy So another of the disadvantages of wind energy is that wind turbines are noisy. They have the hum and also a "whooshing noise" when the blade turns.
It probably is not bad with one or two, but get about a hundred of these "bad boys" cranking out a few hundred RPM's and you might have the sound of an alien attack.
I am creating the HHO Generator Store page as a resource for those interested in comparing and purchasing hydrogen generators and the needed accessories. As many of you may know, I have been supplying the Water4Gas generators over the past year and actually was doing quite well with it until the economic slowdown in the Fall of 2008.
I very much appreciate those who purchased HHO generators from my family. I must admit it kept us all going. it was indeed a family operation involving my wife Lynette and my younger son Joshua.
With that said, Joshua will be leaving the nest in a few months. he was the one that did the wiring for the water4Gas generators. Lynette is also working full time with the YMCA and i will be teaching through the summer in our Academic Associates Reading Center as well as coaching.
Gas is already on the rise in most of the United States and I am already getting inquiries about HHO generators. Just to let you know, we will not be making or supplying HHO units any time soon. so i would like to make recommendations on the few companies I believe produce quality hydrogen electrolyzers and are able to back up their products with good customer service.
The new Dry Cell is an all stainless steel unit that is one of the best electrolyzer values available. FuelSaver-MPG has offered the best products and the best service for EFIE devices.More manufacturers will be added to the HHO Generator Store page in the weeks to come. Be sure to plan ahead and get your vehicles fuel efficient because higher gas prices are just around the corner.
Let's look at the disadvantages of hydropower. Despite the fact that the United States and other countries gain a large percent of electricity from hydropower, there are a few disadvantages of hydropower.
1. Hydropower dams disrupt the natural flow of rivers. This will alter the river and riverside habitat. Whenever I read about a hydroelectric plant being developed, my mind is drawn back to the 1972 movie "Deliverance".
It was in this movie that the three men wanted to canoe a river in North Georgia before the engineers began construction of a dam for hydroelectricity.
In reality the river in the movie is the Chattooga River and the dam formed Lake Tugalo. Arising high in the North Carolina Appalachians, the Chattooga River travels a rugged 50 miles before ending in Lake Tugalo?s still waters.
For much of its journey, the Chattooga forms the state line between South Carolina and Georgia.
On May 10, 1974, Congress designated the Chattooga be protected as a National Wild and Scenic River. The protection was awarded because of the river?s outstanding scenery and recreation, and its wildlife, geologic, and cultural values. The river is famous with white water thrill seekers, and is well known among trout anglers.
2. Impedes the natural flow of sediments. Rivers naturally erode, carry, and deposit sediment. These processes are what shape the river, form meanders, pools, and riffles.
The river deposits its sediment load in the impoundment when the flow velocity slows and the particles settle out. Over time, sediment can fill in the impoundment.
Eventually, the impoundment may become so shallow that the sediment must be removed by dredging or other means. The river downstream of the dam is ?starved? for sediment because the sediment naturally flowing in the river has been trapped behind the dam.
The water flowing through the outlet of the dam may be relatively clear, and carry little sediment.A third of the disadvantages of hydropower is...
3. Scour holes. Water flowing over a dam can cause scour holes to form immediately below the dam. Scour holes may undercut the foundation of the dam threatening the integrity of the structure. In addition, the currents in scour holes present a hazard to swimmers. For more information, click here.
4. Obstacles to fish migration. Here is another of the disadvantages of hydropower. According to the Water Resource Management practicum:
"Building a dam on a river has major implications for the biota found in the river system. Because fish and other biota cannot move past a dam, the dam effectively splits the river into separate ecological zones: the river above the dam and the river below the dam.
Fish passages may be added to a dam to help fish move up and downstream, but they are not always effective. Although the free movement of fish can sustain a healthy fishery, a dam may be a barrier to the movement of unwanted invasive species.
Water tends to warm more in an impoundment than in a free-flowing river, which may affect the types of fish found upstream, in, and downstream of the impoundment. Impounded and free-flowing river systems provide habitat for amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
"The Johnstown Flood disaster (or Great Flood of 1889 as it became known locally) occurred on May 31, 1889.
It was the result of the failure of the South Fork Dam situated 14 miles (23 km) upstream of the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, USA, made worse by several days of extremely heavy rainfall.
The dam's failure unleashed a torrent of 20 million tons of water (18.1 million cubic meters/ 4.8 billion gallons). The flood killed over 2,200 people and produced US$17 million of damage."
Although the ability to minimize friction and wear is the number one concern of a lubricant, there are other major functions that must be considered. A lubricant is likely to also be required to:
Clean - Maintain internal cleanliness by suspending contaminants or keeping contaminants from adhering to components.
Cool moving elements - Reducing friction will reduce the amount of heat that is generated, which will lower the operating temperature of the element or component. We also rely on the lubricant to absorb heat from the contact surface area and transport it to a location in which it can be safely dissipated.
Prevent contamination (seal) - We rely on the lubricant to act as a dynamic seal in locations such as the piston, piston ring and cylinder contact areas. This minimizes combustion by-products (for example) from contaminating the lubrication system. We also rely on the lubricant to support mechanical seals found elsewhere, minimizing external contamination and fluid loss.
Dampen shock - A lubricant may be required to cushion the blow of mechanical shock. A lubricant film can absorb and disperse these energy spikes over a broader contact area.
Prevent corrosion - A lubricant must have the ability to prevent or minimize internal component corrosion. This can be accomplished either by chemically neutralizing the corrosive products or by setting up a barrier between the components and the corrosive material.
Transfer energy - A lubricant may be required to act as an energy transfer median as in the case of hydraulic equipment or valve lifters in an automotive engine.
Let's define Wind energy. Wind energy ranks up there with solar energy and hydropower. Wind Energy is defined as the ?power generated by harnessing the wind, usually by windmills? (Mayhew).
In scientific terms, wind energy is the "force" of winds blowing across the earth?s surface ("Wind Energy").
Wind is caused by uneven heating on the earth?s surface. The equator region receives more heat than say, Antarctica.
That heat tries to move from hotter to colder regions. Wind energy was first harvested centuries ago, when early windmills were used to power millstones, pumps, and forges
Wind energy systems generate electrical energy by harnessing the power in wind using machines called wind turbines. Wind energy can be produced in stand-alone applications or can be produced centrally and distributed to the electric grid.
Wind speeds typically need to be sustained at a minimum of 10 miles per hour to turn the turbine fast enough to generate electricity. The turbines usually produce about 50 to 300 kilowatts of electricity each.
Turbines are often grouped together, also known as a wind farm, and generate bulk electrical power. Electricity from these turbines is fed into the local utility grid and distributed to customers just as it is with conventional power plants.
To further define wind energy, take a look at the following diagram and learn the function of each part.
Towers are made from tubular steel or steel lattice. Because wind speed is higher and less turbulent 100 feet or more above the ground, wind turbines are usually mounted on tall towers to capture the most energy. One of the larger machines stands 20 building stories high, and produces enough electricity to power 1,400 homes.
(2) Blade
Most turbines have either two or three blades. Each blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade.
The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force of the lift is actually much stronger than the wind's force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag. The blade is connected to a shaft, which is connected to an electrical generator.
(3) Generator
Converts the mechanical energy of the spinning blades into 60-cycle AC electricity.
(4) Controller
The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour and shuts off the machine at about 65 mils per hour. Turbines cannot operate at wind speeds above about 65 miles per hour because their generators could overheat.
(5) Nacelle
The rotor attaches to the nacelle, which sits atop the tower and includes most of the working parts of the turbine. A cover protects the components inside the nacelle. Some nacelles are large enough for a technician to stand inside while working.
(6) Anemometer
Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller.
When harnessed, wind energy can be converted into mechanical energy for performing work such as pumping water, grinding grain, and milling lumber ("Wind Energy"). The amount of kinetic energy within Earth's atmosphere is equal to about 10,000 trillion kilowatt-hours. To define wind energy further, visit http://www.netpilot.ca When harnessed, wind energy can be converted into mechanical energy for performing work such as pumping water, grinding grain, and milling lumber ("Wind Energy").The amount of kinetic energy within Earth's atmosphere is equal to about 10,000 trillion kilowatt-hours.
Wind energy is a great supplement to fossil fuels and depending on your locality, you can utilize the wind for all your electrical needs as they do in Denmark.
But it does have it's advantages and disadvantages. But I am sure you will be seeing many more of theseaerodynamic generators as you drive through the countryside in the near future.
To learn more of alternative energy and define wind energy further, click here.
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If you have any any stories or experience related to wind turbines or windmills and you would like to contribute your information as an article on our site, please visit our Share Your Experience Page!Advantages of Wind Energy
Disadvantages of Wind Energy
Wind Turbine History
Residential Wind Power - Is It Right For you
Wind Power Economics
Wind Energy Economics
Call compost, compost or compost product composting, i.e. recycling of organic matter through the natural process of decomposition. This technique can be reduced up to 50% of household waste could reused as fertilizer plants and gardens.
As you is compost is result of the process of decomposition of organic material through aerobic (with high level of oxygen). First is a massive reproduction of thermophilic aerobic bacteria (present naturally) and then other bacteria, fungi and Actinomycetes continue fermentation.
Compost is "half degree" of the decomposition process, humus is "superior". Let's look in more detail how compost is made ..
They waste which can be recycled into compost are organic: plant debris, animals, excrement and branches and leaves of plants. However, if we are thinking about doing a container of homemade compost , something to keep in mind. Manure and animal remains (meat, fat, eggs, dairy products) must be treated in specialized plants that tend to attract insects and animals
To make compost we must follow the following procedure:
In recent days we have dedicated to bring to you some of the most acclaimed documentaries on nature. Today we have a somewhat different proposal: a look at a possible future in which we find to land without human. The History Channel program "the life without us" responds to a simple question what would happen if the human species disappear? We invite you to see it.
"Life without us" (in some countries was known as "The land without human") in a documentary by history channel team in 2009. As you had before, it is a prediction of what would happen in the future if we are no longer on the planet . Production was based on assumptions of scientists specialized in different areas such as engineering, Botany, archaeology, geology and climatology.
This History Channel documentary not concerned with how we extinguish simply because we are not there, all that which we leave, without evidence of disasters of any kind. Televisions are lit, it sounds like the despertador… but there is no human on Earth Showing the video of "Life without us" is a future recreated with the latest technology where two processes will be giving at the same time.
First, we will see the decline of the buildings and technologies human: a global blackout, flooded subway tunnels, crops decaying, derrumbados buildings and even the collapse of the bridge golden gate and the Eiffel Tower. And at the same time, life is making its way in a world where there is no more rule than the survival of the fittest : dogs they struggle to survive without their owners, plants are invading the skyscrapers, wolves and coyotes become owners of the cities, oceans replanted and climate change in a few years.
Two hours without waste to see "life without us", this shocking documentary History Channel that we hope to enjoy as much as we have done. Below you will find online video of the first chapter and links for accessing the following.
Today I will discuss a very disturbing subject matter and little known: the exploitation of Coltan in Africa. Coltan is the colloquial name given to the columbite-tantalite, a mineral natural properties has become strategic for the development of telecommunications, "smart" weapons and computer science. Illegal extraction is the origin of bloody tribal wars, you massacres human and animal, and enslaved and child labour.
The idea to this brief report came when I had the opportunity to receive article "The Coltan fever" Ramón Lobo and after reading few pages impacted me deeply the terrible situation described and - even more - great ignorance I had thereon. Trying to investigate on the internet I've noticed that you there a chord, spread is generally covered by a few media. Why we believe in bringing this subject ElBlogVerde, readers not only to spread the news, but also open to input from information that you can perform.
Let's start from the beginning, coltan it is a mineral that niobium and tantalum are extracted and is extremely scarce natural resource. About 20 years ago began to be coveted due to their unique properties: superconductivity, supports very high temperatures, is a capacitor (storing temporary electric charge and her freeing the when needed) and resistant to corrosion. Its main applications are mobile telephony, computers, games, smart weapons, implant medical, aerospace, among others.
The main producers worldwide are Australia, Brazil, Canada and some African countries such as People's Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Ethiopia. This "ranking" is based on legal mining statistics. But the reality is that 80% of the natural reserves on the planet are in Africa, and at the same time 80% of them in the Congo. This has led to the development of a huge illegal mining industry that literally sacks coltan of Congolese soil. Then trafficked mineral on the black market to a number of traders and intermediaries to huge multinational enterprises that manufacture our computers, video games and mobile phones.
This "fever" has a geopolitical background related to the occupation of a huge territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by armies and guerrilla Rwanda and Uganda. This atrocious "the coltan war" taps into conflict ethnic and economic as the appropriation of this "strategic" mineral. He is estimated that over 5 million lives has already been claimed.
But killing extends even more as subhuman conditions of exploitation of coltan in alluvial mines (at land level) provide work of semiesclavos, for those who are prisoners or children .. Many die in mines or suffer the raw physical consequences of an unhealthy work.
Other victims of this bloody "fever of coltan," are the wild animals of the region. What you describe is also the case in "protected" by the Unesco: national parks in kahuzi-biega (in South Kivu) and Okapi. There, it is true ecological disaster that has left irreparable damage to the ecosystem. Thousands of elephants and gorillas are killed to feed mine workers.
There is definitely a lot more to tell on the subject of the exploitation of coltan, why we recommend continue reading more on the links listed at bottom of page.
Technically, the conventional energies would be all that traditional energy sold entering part of the computation of gross domestic product (GDP). Conventional energy sources would not have to be non-renewable energy, but mainly due to historical circumstances, can be said are mainly non-renewable, such as: petroleum, coal, gas, fossil fuels.These energies are mainly used for production of electrical energy. All have in common mostly are limited and that the indiscriminate use is has echo for years make them increasingly more difficult to achieve. This makes it increasingly will think more that is tending to his disappearance. 
Why, as we said in the pursuit of depletion of natural resources, Governments are taking ever more determination to make policies to restrict its massive use and promote the development of other energy policies more respectful with the environment ..One of the agreements more important, made among different countries is the "Kyoto Protocol" which, the participating countries undertook to reduce their emissions of regulated gases causing the greenhouse effect, by the year 2012 .. 5%As we said earlier, conventional energies would not that be the depletable since many years, man has been using hydraulic power , but try a resource unlimited and clean it encompasses directly renewable energy group. Lately, we've talked about some types of energy and its production in Spain and Portugal . In relation to this theme occurred to me start exploring other types of renewable energy sources, which would be of great interest for the curiosity awaken. To begin with, we can talk a little about tidal power, or is the same tidal energy.
Although we discussed at the time this type of energy , specifically in June, that coincided with the world's oceans day I've seen vital, deepen a bit in the techniques used to draw energy from the tides.
As its name suggests, tidal power and tidal power, remove the electrical energy of tidal force.
A technical definition, translated us as that is obtained using the tides , the difference of average height of the seas according to the position of the Earth and moon, and resulting from the gravitational pull the latter and the Sun on bodies of water of the oceans.
You know, the main characteristic of this energy as it is completely renewable since the primary energy source is not exhausted by their exploitation. In addition it is very clean transformation process did not produce chemical gases.
Tidal powerToday, 8 June 2010 we celebrate World Oceans Day. For this reason, we believe it is interesting to know a little more energy...
Depletion of natural resourcesIn this blog. We often talk about renewable energy. But I realized that is interesting to know because we have to do both...
Wind farmsRecently we explain things on wind energy in this blog. It was necessary that a blog about renewable energy was here....
Solar SpainThen we will talk a little envelope you solar energy. In particular, on the situation of the exploitation of this resource at Spain....
AGGRAND Natural Fertilizer is a multi-purpose liquid product that is ideal for all-around use on flowers, vegetables, fruits, lawns, shrubs, trees and field crops. Now, with our new odor-absorbing ingredient, AGGRAND is perfect for houseplants as well!
With AGGRAND Fertilizer, natural ingredients are released more slowly so there is less chance of environmental impact. Adding natural ingredients to the soil increases microbial activity. Soil microbes fix the nutrients needed for plant growth and release them slowly as plants need them. On the other hand petrochemical fertilizers are often high in soluble salts that are detrimental to soil microbes and plants alike: They decrease microbial activity and plant nutrient uptake. Although these fertilizers are high analysis N-P-K, the plant-use efficiency is very low.
AGGRAND Fertilizer also utilizes hydrolyzed fish solubles extracted through low temperature processes from Menhaden fish which were used by Native Americans for centuries to grow their crops. Menhaden comes from the word "munna whaleaug" which means "that which manures." Menhaden ocean fish feed on mineral rich plankton, which makes them full of essential nutrients. The fish are steamed slowly at 190? F, which preserves the amino acids, minerals and vitamins. The fish is then broken down into smaller components with enzymes (hydrolysis). The fish component in AGGRAND Natural Fertilizer supplies N-P-K and 10 micronutrients, as well as a number of vitamins and amino acids.
Bloodmeal and sulfate of potash are combined with the fish to boost the nutrient levels in AGGRAND Fertilizer. Together, the kelp, fish, bloodmeal and sulfate of potash provide all of the elements needed to grow healthy, vigorous plants. In addition to these ingredients, a number of other natural additives are included that condition the soil, reduce transplant shock and chelate the nutrients. Chelated nutrients are protected against leaching into the groundwater and are readily available for plant uptake.
AGGRAND Fertilizer provides beautiful, healthy plants and super yields of high quality, nutritious vegetables, fruits and field crops.
Below you will find alternative energy links to quality websites. These sites will give you a broad base of information on the many areas of interest in the field of alternative energy. If you know of any more links, please let me know.
Link Exchange. If you would like to be included as a link to this page or any page on this site, again, please let me know. Also, it would be greatly appreciated if you would add my site as a link on your site.
The US DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Web site provides information on energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies.Alternative energy news and information resources about renewable energy technologies. The purpose of this site is to provide a resource and to help raise awareness about renewable energy technologies
Alternative Energy News
Wikipedia - The online encyclopedia
Alternative Energy - Wikipedia
Solar Energy International
The Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) is the national trade association for the solar industry. We work to expand markets, strengthen research and development, remove market barriers, and improve education and outreach for solar.
The Solar Energy Industries Association
The Florida Solar Energy Center. As the state of Florida?s energy research institute, FSEC conducts research in Building Science, Photovoltaics, Solar Thermal, Hydrogen and Alternative Fuels, Fuel Cellsand other advanced energy technologies.
The Florida Solar Energy Center
American Wind Energy Association
The Global Wind Energy Council
The Global Wind Energy Council
The Biomass Energy Foundation. Information about all aspects of biomass energy, but particularly in high temperature conversion and gasification that can produce heat, power and fuels.The Biomass Energy Foundation
The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) is the national trade association representing the biodiesel industry in the United States. Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, and which meets the specifications of ASTM D 6751.
The National Biodiesel Board (NBB)
The American Coalition for Ethanol promotes the production and use of ethanol - America's renewable fuel. Ethanol is a biofuel made from corn and other crops and, soon, from cellulosic sources like switchgrass.
The American Coalition for Ethanol
A great book by David Blume is "Alcohol Can be a Gas". You can learn more about ethanol fuel and other resources on running your car on alcohol fuel by visiting
http://permaculture.com
The International Hydropower Association (IHA) addresses the role of hydropower in meeting the world?s growing water and energy needs as a clean, renewable and sustainable technology.The International Hydropower Association (IHA)
The Department of Energy on Hydropower
Department of Energy - Hydropower
RenewableEnergyAccess.com was started in 1998 by a group of Renewable Energy professionals who wanted their work to relate to their passion for renewable energy. With this passion and the desire to create a long term sustainable business, we have created perhaps the single most recognized and trusted source for Renewable Energy News and Information on the Internet.Renewable Energy Access
The Hydrogen Energy Center's role is to facilitate the adoption of hydrogen energy technologies and enhance the relationship between hydrogen and renewable energy sources.The Hydrogen Energy Center
Hydrogen Energy Research at Penn State University H2E Center
Hydrogen Energy Research
The American Hydrogen Association. The mission of AHA is to facilitate achievements of prosperity without pollution and to close the information gap between researchers, industry and the public, drawing on world-wide developments concerning hydrogen, solar, wind, hydro, ocean and biomass resource materials, energy conversion, wealth-addition economics, and the environment.
The American Hydrogen Association
The holistic interior design guide, resource & consultancy service for eco, green, sustainable & energy efficient homes, workspaces & lifestyle. A great tool for the eco decorating enthusiast. Full of free resources & advice this webpage will guide you towards a complimentary way of lifehttp://www.holistic-interior-designs.com
For more information on alternative energy and to get the mother lode of alternative energy links, click here. Thanks to the Energy Conservation News and ResourcesAnother useful site that is full of links in the field of alternative energy, especially solar, is found at Cirkits
According to the Aggrand website:
An Important Part of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition
? Provides increased heat, cold and drought tolerance
? Decreases susceptibility to insect attack and infection
? Aids in early plant growth and development
? Promotes early ripening
? Improves quality and extends shelf-life of fruits and vegetables
? Aids in seed formation
? Convenient liquid concentrate
? Increases nitrogen use efficiency Butterfly
? Increases nitrogen fixation in legumes
Potassium is considered the "universal helper"
AGGRAND Kelp and Sulfate of Potash is an important part of any soil fertility/plant nutrition program. It contains 8% readily available Potash, a grade of 0-0-8 (N-P-K). Potassium (K) is considered the "universal helper" and is a major contributor to plant health because it regulates so many important processes in the plant.
AGGRAND Natural Kelp and Sulfate of Potash also contains 2% sulfur (S). Sulfur, called the "fourth major nutrient," has many important functions in plant growth and must be present in sufficient amounts in the soil and plant tissue to realize the benefits of nitrogen and potassium.
Kelp enhances heat, drought and cold tolerance.
AGGRAND Kelp and Sulfate of Potash utilizes kelp concentrate from the icy waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. Kelp from this source contains high levels of plant growth hormones, amino acids, micronutrients and potassium.
When used as fertilizer, kelp makes plants more robust and healthy by enhancing their heat, drought and cold tolerance. In addition, kelp increases the plant growth rate and fruit production, size, and quality.
Natural Kelp and Sulfate of Potash contains no chloride.
It contains minimally processed sulfate of potash from Great Salt Lake in Utah. Unlike other sources of potassium this source does not contain chloride (Cl) which can be damaging to soil life and plant roots. Potassium must be present in large quantities in plants because it is a component of the fluids which flood the plant tissue. Potassium-deficient plants are susceptible to insect attack, have weak stalks, and underdeveloped root systems.
Sufficient potassium produces high quality vegetables and tree fruits.
Dark green leaves, high nutritional quality, firm stalks, prolific root growth, greater plant vigor, improved nutrient uptake, higher yields, fewer blemishes increased disease and insect resistance, and increased fruit shelf-life are benefits of crops grown with AGGRAND Natural Kelp and Sulfate of Potash.
Sufficient Sulfur produces high quality crops.
Sulfur is often present in plants in equal or greater amounts than potassium. Sufficient sulfur produces high quality and yields of vegetables, tree fruits, small grains, legumes, and forages. High protein and oil levels in seed and high protein and vitamin A production in forages and legumes are benefits of increasing sulfur fertility.
In addition to the many benefits provided by the kelp and sulfate of potash in AGGRAND Natural Kelp and Sulfate of Potash, naturally occurring proprietary ingredients added to this fertilizer release nutrients from the soil, act as chelating agents, aid in foliar and root uptake, and stimulate soil biological activity.
AGGRAND Natural Kelp and Sulfate of Potash is the key to overall plant health, quality, increased marketability, high yields and increased stress tolerance.
